| Year | Catholic | Magisterial |
|---|---|---|
| 1452 | Robert Bellarmine is born. | |
| 1455 | Pope Callistus III elected. | |
| 1456 | Sylvester Mazzolini Prierias is born. | |
| 1458 | Pope Pius II elected. | |
| 1459 | Pope Adrian VI is born. | |
| 1460 | James Hochstraten is born. | |
| 1463 | Frederick the Wise, elector of Saxony is born. | |
| 1464 | Pope Paul II elected. | |
| 1465 | Johann Tetzel probably born in this year. | |
| 1469 | Tommaso de Vio Gaetani Cajetan is born. | |
| 1471 | Pope Sixtus IV elected. Prierias becomes a Dominican. | |
| 1475 | Pope Leo X is born. | |
| 1478 | Sixtus IV empowers the Catholic sovereigns to set up the Inquisition. Pope Clement VII is born. | Wolfgang Capito is born. |
| 1479 | Johannes Cochlaeus is born. | |
| 1480 | Andreas Rudolf Bodenstein von Karlstadt is born. | |
| 1482 | Johann Oecolampadius is born. | |
| 1483 | Gasparo Contarini is born. | Luther is born in Eisleben. |
| 1484 | Pope Innocent VIII elected. | Ulrich Zwingli is born in St. Gall. Joachim Vadian is born in St Gall. |
| 1485 | Johann Bugenhagen born in Pomerania. | |
| 1486 | Johann (John) Eck is born. | |
| 1487 | Pope Julius III is born. | |
| 1488 | Cajetan begins studies in Bologna. | |
| 1489 | John Cochlaeus is born. | Guillaume (William) Farel is born. |
| 1490 | Vittoria Colonna is born. Albert Pighius is born. | Argula von Grumbach is born. |
| 1491 | Ignatius Loyola is born. Cajetan goes to Padua to finish studies and teach. | Martin Bucer is born. |
| 1492 | The Moors are driven out of Granada and Ferdinand and Isabella expel the Jews from Spain. Pope Alexander VI elected. | Berchtold Haller is born. |
| 1493 | Cajetan begins lecturing at Padua on Peter Lombard's Sentences. | |
| 1494 | Cajetan appointed university chair of Thomistic studies at Padua. Anna Bijns is born. | |
| 1495 | Francisco Ximenez (Jimenez) de Cisneros becomes archbishop of Toledo. Prierias begins teaching at Bologna. | |
| 1496 | Cajetan publishes commentary on Aquinas' On Being and Essence. | |
| 1497 | Cajetan becomes professor of Thomistic theology in Pavia. | Philipp Melanchthon (born Philip Schwartzerdt) is born. Katharina Zell is born. |
| 1498 | Girolamo Savonarola burned at the stake. Johann Eck enters University of Heidelberg. Cajetan publishes The Analogy of Names. | Ulrich Zwingli enrolls at the University of Vienna. Andreas Osiander is born. |
| 1499 | Cajetan called to teach in Milan. | |
| 1500 | Juan de Valdes is born. Reginald Pole is born. | |
| 1501 | Johann Eck receives MA from Tubingen. Cajetan called to Rome and appointed procurator general of Dominicans. | Joachim Vadian begins studies at the University of Vienna. |
| 1502 | Johann Eck publishes On the Primacy of Peter against Luther. A report on the Leipzig debate with Luther and Karlstadt. Pope Gregory XIII is born. | University of Wittenberg established by Frederick, Elector of Saxony. Ulrich Zwingli transfers to University in Basel. |
| 1503 | Pope Pius elected. Pope Julius II elected. | |
| 1504 | Ulrich Zwingli receives BA from Basel. Wibrandis Rosenblatt born. Heinrich Bullinger is born. | |
| 1506 | Pope Julius II orders work on St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. Francis Xavier is born. Cajetan publishes: On Interpretation, Posterior Analytics, The Categories, Metaphysics | Zwingli receives Master of Arts at University of Basel. Ulrich Zwingli receives MA from Basel. Ulrich Zwingli is ordained and becomes parish priest in Glarus. |
| 1507 | Pope appoints Cajetan as vicar general of Dominicans. | |
| 1508 | Johann Eck is ordained. Cajetan sends Dominicans to the New World. Paola Antonia Negri is born. | Melanchthon begins studies at Pforzheim. Joachim Vadian receives MA from the University of Vienna. |
| 1509 | Vittoria Colonna marries Ferrante Francesco d'Avalos, a Spanish noble. | John Calvin is born. Melanchthon begins studies at Heidelberg. |
| 1510 | Johann Eck receives Doctor of Theology from University of Freiburg and begins to teach at Ingolstadt. Cajetan publishes The Infinity of the First Mover. | Luther visits Rome. |
| 1511 | Cajetan publishes A Comparison of the Authority of the Pope and Councils | Berchtold Haller receives Masters degree from the University of Cologne. |
| 1512 | Melanchthon begins studies at Tübingen. | |
| 1513 | Giovanni de Medici becomes Pope Leo X. | Berchtold Haller moves to Bern. |
| 1514 | Prierias begins teaching in Rome. Prierias publishes *Summa Silvestrina.* | Joachim Vadian begins to study medicine and is crowned poet laureate by the emperor. |
| 1515 | Teresa of Avila is born. Prierias named "Master of the Sacred Palace,"the court theologian to pope Leo X. | Battle of Marignano causes Zwingli to preach against mercenary system. |
| 1516 | Ulrich Zwingli becomes rector of the monastic church at Einsiedeln. Joachim Vadian is appointed rector at the University of Vienna and begins teaching rhetoric. Theodore Beza is born. | |
| 1517 | Pope Leo X commissions Prierias to respond to Luther's 95 thesis. Prierias' *Dialogus* is sent to Luther who responds with *Responsio.* | |
| 1518 | Ulrich Zwingli becomes priest at the Great Minster in Zurich. Melanchthon begins teaching Greek at Wittenberg. Joachim Vadian resigns from his post at the University of Vienna and returns to St Gall where he is named city physician. Joachim Vadian and Conrad Grebel climb Mount Pilatus together. | |
| 1519 | Leipzig Disputation between Luther and Eck. Karlstadt also debates Eck. [More] | |
| 1520 | Luther Writes: To the Christian Nobility, On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and The Freedom of a Christian Heinrich Bullinger receives BA from University of Cologne. Berchtold Haller is ordained a priest. | |
| 1521 | Pope Leo X calls King Henry VIII “Defender of the Faith” for his publication of an anti-Luther tract. | |
| 1522 | Pope Adrian VI elected. Ignatius Loyola spends a year at Manresa. Bartolome de las Casas becomes a Dominican. Cajetan sent by pope Adrian VI as legate to Hungary. | Ulrich Zwingli defends those who eat meat during Lent. Ulrich Zwingli secretly marries Anna Rhinehardt. Heinrich Bullinger receives MA from University of Cologne. |
| 1523 | Pope Clement VII elected. Cajetan completes 4th volume of his commentary on Aquinas' Summa. Sylvester Mazzolini Prierias dies. Pope Adrian VI dies. | First Zurich Disputation between Zwingli and Johann Faber vicar-general of Constance. Reformation begins in Zurich. Second Zurich Disputation in which Zwingli argued for the removal of images from churches. Grebel unsuccessfully argued for the abolition of the mass. Johann Oecolampadius becomes professor at Basel. Heinrich Bullinger becomes head teacher at Cistercian monastery at Kappel. Heinrich Bullinger meets Ulrich Zwingli. |
| 1524 | Gaetano de Thiene founds the Theatines. | Ulrich Zwingli's marriage to Anna Rhinehardt made public. Luther and Karlstadt meet at the Black Bear Inn in Jena. |
| 1525 | Eck publishes Arguments against Luther and Other Enemies of the Church. | |
| 1526 | First Diet of Speyer. | |
| 1527 | Johann Eck publishes On the Sacrifice of the Mass to refute Zwingli's rejection of the mass. James Hochstraten dies. | |
| 1528 | Sommaschi founded. Ignatius Loyola graduates from University of Paris. Anna Bijns publishes twenty-three poems condemning the reformation. | Heinrich Bullinger accompanies Ulrich Zwingli to the disputation at Bern Joachim Vadian moderates the Bern Disputation. Jeanne of Navarre is born. |
| 1529 | Second Diet of Speyer. [More] | |
| 1530 | Anton Maria Zaccaria founds the Barnabites (Clerks Regular of St. Paul). Cesare Baronius is born. | Bucer and Capito write Tetrapolitan Confession. Zwingli helps Karlstadt become a deacon at the Grossmünster in Zurich. |
| 1531 | Zwingli dies at the Battle of Kappel. Johann Oecolampadius dies. Heinrich Bullinger arrives in Zurich. Replaces Zwingli as pastor in Zurich. Heinrich Bullinger flees Bremgarten due to the defeat of Zurich troops at Kappel. | |
| 1532 | John Calvin publishes his first work—a commentary on Seneca’s De Clementia. Guillaume Farel arrives in Geneva. Berchtold Haller debates Anabaptists in Zofingen. Berchtold Haller and Capito write the Berner Synodus, a church order for Bern. | |
| 1533 | Johann Bugenhagen receives hid doctorate of theology at Wittenberg. | |
| 1534 | Pope Paul III elected. Tommaso de Vio Gaetani Cajetan dies. Pope Clement VII dies. Ignatius Loyola and six others (including Francis Xavier) take vows of celebacy and poverty and commit to serving God. | |
| 1535 | Angela Merici founds the Ursulines. Pope Gregory XIV is born. | Calvin moves to Geneva. Council of Two Hundred passes a formal declaration that Geneva is a Protestant city. |
| 1536 | Teresa of Avila enters Carmelite convent in Avila. Gasparo Contarini asked by pope Paul III to lead papal reform commission. Anna Bijns opens a one-room school. Pope Clement VIII is born. | Calvin publishes the first edition of his Institutes of the Christian Religion. Heinrich Bullinger authors First Helvetic Confession. Berchtold Haller dies. |
| 1537 | Johann Eck publishes a German translation of the Bible. Vittoria Colonna travels to Ferrera to seek permission to found a Capuchin convent there. | The Little Council and the Council of Two Hundred adopt Calvin's 21 Articles. |
| 1538 | A book of Vittoria Colonna's poetry is published in Parma. | Calvin and William Farel are banished from Geneva. Calvin and Farel refuse to serve communion in Geneva. Libertines gain the majority in Geneva's city council. |
| 1540 | Ignatius of Loyola founds the Society of Jesus. | Calvin publishes his commentary on Romans. Calvin attends Diet of Hagenau. Calvin marries Idelette de Bures. |
| 1541 | Regensburg Colloquy. | |
| 1542 | Gasparo Contarini dies. Pope Paul III establishes the Congregation of the Inquisition. Albert Pighius dies. Robert Bellarmine is born. | |
| 1543 | Johann Eck dies. | |
| 1545 | Council of Trent begins its first session. [More] | |
| 1546 | Schmalkald War begins. [More] | |
| 1547 | Schmalkald War ends. | |
| 1548 | Ignatius Loyola's Spiritual Excercises first published in its entirety. Anna Bijns publishes another anti-Lutheran work: The Second Book Containing Many Beautifully Artistic Refrains. | |
| 1549 | Peter Canisius begins teaching at the University of Ingolstadt. | |
| 1550 | Pope Julius III elected. | |
| 1551 | Council of Trent begins its second session. | Joachim Vadian dies. Martin Bucer dies. |
| 1552 | Francis Xavier dies. John Cochlaeus dies. | Andreas Osiander dies. |
| 1553 | Michael Servetus arrested in Geneva and burned at the stake. | |
| 1554 | Pope Gregory XV is born. | |
| 1555 | Pope Marcellus II elected. Pope Paul IV elected. Peter Canisius publishes his first catechism written for priests and adults. Paola Antonia Negri dies. Pope Julius III dies. | |
| 1556 | Ignatius Loyola dies. Peter Canisius publishes a catechism for children and one for youth. | |
| 1557 | Peter Canisius attends the Colloquy of Worms. | |
| 1558 | Reginald Pole dies. | |
| 1559 | Pope Pius IV elected. Pope Paul IV approves and publishes the first Index of Forbidden Books. | |
| 1560 | Melanchthon dies. | |
| 1561 | Marie Dentiere dies. | |
| 1562 | Council of Trent begins its third session. Teresa of Avila founds St. Joseph's convent in Avila. | Katharina Zell dies. |
| 1564 | John Calvin dies. Wibrandis Rosenblatt dies. Heinrich Bullinger's wife Anna and three children die of the plague. Argula von Grumbach dies. | |
| 1566 | Pope Pius V elected. | Heinrich Bullinger authors Second Helvetic Confession. |
| 1567 | Third volume of Anna Bijns poetry is published. | |
| 1571 | Peter Canisius publishes Life of John the Baptist. | |
| 1572 | Pope Gregory XIII elected. St Bartholomew's Day Massacre about 100,000 Huguenots slaughtered. | Jeanne of Navarre dies. |
| 1575 | Anna Bijns probably dies. | Heinrich Bullinger dies. |
| 1577 | Peter Canisius publishes The Life of Virgin Mary. | |
| 1580 | Peter Canisius founds a Jesuit college in Fribourg. | |
| 1582 | Teresa of Avila dies. | |
| 1585 | Pope Gregory XIII dies. | |
| 1591 | Pope Gregory XIV dies. Pope Innocent IX dies. | |
| 1597 | Peter Canisius dies. | |
| 1605 | Pope Clement VIII dies. | Theodore Beza dies. |
| 1607 | Cesare Baronius dies. | |
| 1621 | Robert Bellarmine dies. | |
| 1623 | Pope Gregory XV dies. | |