| Pope Marcellus II elected. | Catholic Reformation |
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| Pope Paul IV elected. | Catholic Reformation |
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| Nicholas Ridley and Hugh Latimer burned at the stake. | English Reformation |
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| Peter Canisius publishes his first catechism written for priests and adults. | Canisius |
Catholic Reformation |
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| Paola Antonia Negri dies. | Catholic Reformation |
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| Pope Julius III dies. | Catholic Reformation |