Note on signal phrases

There are various strategies to writing signal phrases:

  • include the author's (or speaker's) name
  • include the title of the work
  • include both the author's name and the title
  • include the name of other authors if there are more than one

Consult The Bedford Handbook for further information, sec. 50a. Section 49e also gives some good examples of ways to vary your signal phrases, for example:

  • According to Jane Doe, " . . . "
  • In the words of researcher John Doe, " . . . "
  • Jane Doe points out that " . . . "
  • John Doe has concluded that " . . . "
  • " . . . ," writes Jane Doe, " . . . "

Read about parenthetical references