Mutual Progress

"Hold: Separate but Equal" (1969) by Malcolm Bailey

Mutual Progress

Cultural & Intellectual History

Lesson 11

"Hold: Separate but Equal" is part of a series. This painting is a schematic representation of a slave ship blueprint, with two groups of figures trapped in the hold--one black, the other white. Bailey insists that "real revolution won't occur until poor whites as well as poor Blacks realize they are oppressed" (Fine, The Afro-American Artist, 272).

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Consideration:

In 1896 the infamous Plessy v. Ferguson decision was rendered by the United States Supreme Court, declaring "separate but equal" as constitutional mandate. To reflect on why the United States began to enforce "separate but equal" as constitutional mandate 31 years after the Civil War, read a chapter from A Rage for Order by Joel Williamson.

Exercise:

Working with the premise that race is a social construction, discuss how "separate but equal" imprisoned both those politically defined as white and those politically defined as black in the United States.

Write your response in the form below:

Your Name:

Your E-Mail Address:

Mail to:

Subject:

Your response:

Consideration:

In 1954 "separate but equal," having been mandated as legal policy for fifty-eight years, was declared unconstitutional. Yet, the battle of the African American to acquire civil rights would remain hard and long given that the ruling on the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas decision was handed down "with all deliberate speed."

Question:

a) Explain what it means when someone or something is deliberate.

b) Can that which is deliberate impede speed?

c) If that which encompasses speed is placed in check or is overshadowed by that which is deliberate, can we say that the speed is placed on hold?

Write your response in the space below:

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Consideration:	In 1896 the infamous Plessy v. Ferguson decision was rendered by the United States Supreme Court, declaring "separate but equal" as constitutional mandate. To reflect on why the United States began to enforce "separate but equal" as constitutional mandate 31 years after the Civil War, read a chapter from A Rage for Order by Joel Williamson.
Exercise:	Working with the premise that race is a social construction, discuss how "separate but equal" imprisoned both those politically defined as white and those politically defined as black in the United States. Write your response in the form below:
Your Name:
Your E-Mail Address:
Mail to:
Subject:
Your response:
Consideration:	In 1954 "separate but equal," having been mandated as legal policy for fifty-eight years, was declared unconstitutional. Yet, the battle of the African American to acquire civil rights would remain hard and long given that the ruling on the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas decision was handed down "with all deliberate speed."
Question:	a) Explain what it means when someone or something is deliberate. b) Can that which is deliberate impede speed? c) If that which encompasses speed is placed in check or is overshadowed by that which is deliberate, can we say that the speed is placed on hold? Write your response in the space below: